martin luther king jr

Martin Luther King wurde am 15. King quoted from Henry George and George's book, Progress and Poverty, particularly in support of a guaranteed basic income. Where Do We Go from Here: Chaos or Community? [34], King witnessed his father stand up against segregation and various forms of discrimination. [275] However, Ray's fingerprints were found on various objects (a rifle, a pair of binoculars, articles of clothing, a newspaper) that were left in the bathroom where it was determined the gunfire came from. [96] In Atlanta, King served until his death as co-pastor with his father at the Ebenezer Baptist Church, and helped expand the Civil Rights Movement across the South. During the course of this movement, the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was passed. And He's allowed me to go up to the mountain. [226] In 1967, Dr. King gave a famous speech at the Riverside Church in New York City, his first to publicly question the U.S. involvement in Vietnam. King's reputation improved immensely. [329], King was inspired by Gandhi and his success with nonviolent activism, and as a theology student, King described Gandhi as being one of the "individuals who greatly reveal the working of the Spirit of God". The citation read: Martin Luther King Jr. was the conscience of his generation. Zehn Monate nach Kings Amtsantritt verstieß am 1. From the sixteenth century forward, blood flowed in battles over racial supremacy. King contemplated but ultimately decided against the proposal on the grounds that he felt uneasy with politics and considered himself better suited for his morally unambiguous role as an activist.[221]. Und Gott wird immer an deiner Seite sein!' We must recognize that we can’t solve our problem now until there is a radical redistribution of economic and political power... this means a revolution of values and other things. [117] King underwent emergency surgery with three doctors: Aubre de Lambert Maynard, Emil Naclerio and John W. V. Cordice; he remained hospitalized for several weeks. I won't have any money to leave behind. 1) Martin Luther King Jr was born in the United States of America to African American parents. [102][1] King's role in the bus boycott transformed him into a national figure and the best-known spokesman of the civil rights movement. Januar 1929 in Atlanta, war einer der wichtigsten US-amerikanischen Bürgerrechtler. In one incident, black street repairmen received pay for two hours when they were sent home because of bad weather, but white employees were paid for the full day.[236][237][238]. [40][41] In September 1940, at the age of 12, King was enrolled at the Atlanta University Laboratory School for the seventh grade. [56][67][64] In 1944, at the age of 15, King passed the entrance examination and was enrolled at the university for the school season that autumn. "I never been with nobody as bold as he is," Jerry said. During an April 4, 1967, appearance at the New York City Riverside Church—exactly one year before his death—King delivered a speech titled "Beyond Vietnam: A Time to Break Silence. "[367], In 1964, King urged his supporters "and all people of goodwill" to vote against Republican Senator Barry Goldwater for president, saying that his election "would be a tragedy, and certainly suicidal almost, for the nation and the world. "They're all holing up like generals in a dugout getting ready to watch a war. Seine Art zu reden überzeugte nicht zuletzt auch Coretta Scott, ihn zu heiraten, denn ursprünglich wollte sie nicht die Frau eines Pfarrers werden. In the speech's most famous passage – in which he departed from his prepared text, possibly at the prompting of Mahalia Jackson, who shouted behind him, "Tell them about the dream! I have no other ambitions in life but to achieve excellence in the Christian ministry. You don't have a black role. [164], In March 1964, King and the SCLC joined forces with Robert Hayling's then-controversial movement in St. Augustine, Florida. "[429] Also in 1966, King was elected as a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. He contrasted this with the situation faced by poor Americans, claiming that Congress had merely provided "poverty funds with miserliness. However, the organizers were firm that the march would proceed. This legislation was seen as a tribute to King's struggle in his final years to combat residential discrimination in the U.S.[301] The day following King's assassination, school teacher Jane Elliott conducted her first "Blue Eyes/Brown Eyes" exercise with her class of elementary school students in Riceville, Iowa. I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood. Sein Protest gegen den Vietnamkrieg und die Kampagne gegen die Armut sorgten auch in den eigenen Reihen für Kritik. "Ich wollte den Kampf aufgeben. So erinnerte sich King später an die Zeit. [167][168] During June, the movement marched nightly through the city, "often facing counter demonstrations by the Klan, and provoking violence that garnered national media attention." James L. Bevel dies at 72; civil rights activist and top lieutenant to King", "Martin Luther King Jr. made our nation uncomfortable", "Martin Luther King Jr. as Democratic Socialist. Her purpose was to help them understand King's death as it related to racism, something they little understood as they lived in a predominantly white community. And within our own organization, we found a very key person who was on the government payroll. "[415] Carson bases his position of Coretta Scott King's memoirs where she states "I set up our reel-to-reel recorder and listened. [88][84], An academic inquiry in October 1991 concluded that portions of his doctoral dissertation had been plagiarized and he had acted improperly. [266][267] Ray later claimed a man he met in Montreal, Quebec, with the alias "Raoul" was involved and that the assassination was the result of a conspiracy. [376] King told Nichols, "You are our image of where we're going, you're 300 years from now, and that means that's where we are and it takes place now. [191] King was hit by a brick during one march, but continued to lead marches in the face of personal danger. 5: The Social Mission of the Christian Church", "Martin Luther King Jr.'s Troubled Attitude toward Nonviolent Resistance", "Nonviolence: The Only Road to Freedom – Teaching American History", "Birmingham civil rights activist Colonel Stone Johnson has died (slideshow)", "Armed Resistance in the Civil Rights Movement: Charles E. Cobb and Danielle L. McGuire on Forgotten History", "A Close Alliance Between MLK and Nelson Rockefeller Revealed", "Abbreviated Report from the International Tribunal on Reparations for Black People in the U.S.", "Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., Black People and Indigenous People: How We Cash This Damn Check", "Dr. King spoke out against the genocide of Native Americans", "The American Indian Civil Rights Movement: A case study in Civil Society Protest", "Dr. Martin Luther King Jr: Our Nation was Born in Genocide", "Street Smarts: MLK Jr. visited 'Papago' reservation near Tucson, was fascinated", "Navajos and locals in Gallup celebrate Martin Luther King Jr. Day", "Mr. Conservative: Barry Goldwater's opposition to the Civil Rights Act of 1964", "Family Planning – A Special and Urgent Concern", "Zoë Saldaña Climbed Into Lt. Uhura's Chair, Reluctantly", "Nichelle Nichols Explains How Martin Luther King Convinced Her to Stay on Star Trek", "Gene Roddenberry's Son Reveals Unhappy 'Star Trek' Family Life", "Nichelle Nichols on playing Star Trek's Lt. Uhura and meeting Dr. King", "Martin Luther King Jr. met Malcolm X just once. On March 7, 1961, a group of Black elders including King notified student leaders that a deal had been reached: the city's lunch counters would desegregate in fall 1961, in conjunction with the court-mandated desegregation of schools. The Democrats have betrayed him by capitulating to the whims and caprices of the Southern Dixiecrats. [1] Most of these rights were successfully enacted into the law of the United States with the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the 1965 Voting Rights Act. [251][252][253] Presidential candidate Robert F. Kennedy was on his way to Indianapolis for a campaign rally when he was informed of King's death. [388] A review by the NSA itself concluded that Minaret was "disreputable if not outright illegal. The tapes that could confirm or refute the allegation are scheduled to be declassified in 2027. The other leaders and organizations comprising the Big Six were Roy Wilkins from the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People; Whitney Young, National Urban League; A. Philip Randolph, Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters; John Lewis, SNCC; and James L. Farmer Jr., of the Congress of Racial Equality. I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character. His father was a reverend and both of his parents were devout Christians.• He became a pastor at the age of twenty-five and received his doctorate in theology in 1955.• A few years after graduation, King visited India to learn about Mahatma Gandhi, the person who influenced him not to use violence in his struggle. Yes, if you want to say that I was a drum major. I have a dream that one day, down in Alabama, with its vicious racists, with its governor having his lips dripping with the words of interposition and nullification; one day right there in Alabama, little black boys and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers. [269] However, prison records in different U.S. cities have shown that he was incarcerated on numerous occasions for charges of armed robbery. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.’s History. "[381] Hoover did not believe King's pledge of innocence and replied by saying that King was "the most notorious liar in the country. Martin Luther King Jr. (geb. [1] King led the 1955 Montgomery bus boycott and later became the first president of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC). "[203] He stated that North Vietnam "did not begin to send in any large number of supplies or men until American forces had arrived in the tens of thousands",[204] and accused the U.S. of having killed a million Vietnamese, "mostly children. [6] King's father was born to sharecroppers, James Albert and Delia King of Stockbridge, Georgia. [37] Upon returning home, he found out that she had suffered a heart attack and died while being transported to a hospital. For other uses, see, "I have almost reached the regrettable conclusion that the Negro's great stumbling block in his stride toward freedom is not the White Citizen's Councilor or the Ku Klux Klanner, but the white moderate, who is more devoted to "order" than to justice; who prefers a negative peace which is the absence of tension to a positive peace which is the presence of justice; who constantly says: "I agree with you in the goal you seek, but I cannot agree with your methods of direct action"; who paternalistically believes he can set the timetable for another man's freedom; who lives by a mythical concept of time and who constantly advises the Negro to wait for a "more convenient season. This page was last edited on 10 February 2021, at 02:51. [281][282], In 2002, The New York Times reported that a church minister, Rev. Seine 1963 gehaltene Rede “I have a dream” ist in der ganzen Welt bekannt. [3], King believed that organized, nonviolent protest against the system of southern segregation known as Jim Crow laws would lead to extensive media coverage of the struggle for black equality and voting rights. Organizers intended to denounce the federal government for its failure to safeguard the civil rights and physical safety of civil rights workers and blacks. Auch wenn er als eines der wenigen schwarzen Mittelstandskinder aufwuchs, kannte er Rassismus von Kindesbeinen an. FBI surveillance of King, some of it since made public, attempted to demonstrate that he also had numerous extramarital affairs. He was best known for improving civil rights by using nonviolent civil disobedience, based on his Christian beliefs. [114][115], The SCLC put into practice the tactics of nonviolent protest with great success by strategically choosing the methods and places in which protests were carried out. [30][32] Soon afterwards, the parents of the white boy stopped allowing King to play with their son, stating to him "we are white, and you are colored". Related 20 quotes about faith from Martin Luther King Jr. Can Utah’s ‘civic charity’ help the nation overcome the siege of contempt? Leider wurde er am 4 April 1968 bei einer Rede erschossen : (Ich hoffe ich konnte dir helfen. April 1968 hielt sich King in Memphis auf, um an der Seite schwarzer Müllarbeiter für besseren Lohn zu kämpfen. Allegations that James Earl Ray, the man convicted of killing King, had been framed or acted in concert with government agents persisted for decades after the shooting. Für seine Mutter, die Lehrerin Alberta Christine … King tearfully told a friend that he could not endure his mother's pain over the marriage and broke the relationship off six months later. "[141] He points out that the Boston Tea Party, a celebrated act of rebellion in the American colonies, was illegal civil disobedience, and that, conversely, "everything Adolf Hitler did in Germany was 'legal'. Ich werde keine vornehmen und luxuriösen Dinge hinterlassen. There are three urgent and indeed great problems that we face not only in the United States of America but all over the world today. I don't plan to do anything but remain a preacher. This injunction temporarily halted civil rights activity until King defied it by speaking at Brown Chapel on January 2, 1965. Auch wenn er als eines der wenigen schwarzen Mittelstandskinder aufwuchs, kannte er Rassismus von Kindesbeinen an. [162][163], The original typewritten copy of the speech, including King's handwritten notes on it, was discovered in 1984 to be in the hands of George Raveling, the first African-American basketball coach of the University of Iowa. It reveals systemic rather than superficial flaws and suggests that radical reconstruction of society itself is the real issue to be faced. The Republicans have betrayed him by capitulating to the blatant hypocrisy of reactionary right-wing northern Republicans. Garrow is talking about a recently added summary of a transcript of a 1964 recording from the Willard Hotel that others, including Mrs. King, have said they did not hear Martin's voice on it. [30][34] Upon learning of the hatred, violence and oppression that black people had faced in the U.S., King would later state that he was "determined to hate every white person". [391], Despite the extensive surveillance conducted, by 1976 the FBI had acknowledged that it had not obtained any evidence that King himself or the SCLC were actually involved with any communist organizations. It was during his 1966 stay in the US that Nhất Hạnh met with King and urged him to publicly denounce the Vietnam War. Police officers were stationed in the fire station to keep King under surveillance. We must see now that the evils of racism, economic exploitation and militarism are all tied together… you can’t really get rid of one without getting rid of the others… the whole structure of American life must be changed. [142], King, representing the SCLC, was among the leaders of the "Big Six" civil rights organizations who were instrumental in the organization of the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, which took place on August 28, 1963. and "The Dimensions of a Complete Life." Acting on James Bevel's call for a march from Selma to Montgomery, Bevel and other SCLC members, in partial collaboration with SNCC, attempted to organize a march to the state's capital. Invoking his probationary plea deal, judge J. Oscar Mitchell sentenced King on October 25 to four months of hard labor. Dr. Martin Luther King", "King remembered for civil rights achievements", "Martin Luther King Peace Committee; Martin Luther King Peace Committee; Newcastle University", "Martin Luther King Honorary Degree Ceremony", "Statue unveiled in honour of Martin Luther King Jr", "New name for Newcastle University's Student Union Mensbar revealed", "A Class Divided: One Friday in April, 1968", "Future of Atlanta's King Center in limbo", "Chairman's Message: Introduction to the King Center and its Mission", "Here Are Hundreds More Artists Whose Tapes Were Destroyed in the UMG Fire", Joseph Leahy, "St. Louis Remains A Stronghold For Dr. King's Dream", "Proclamation 6401 – Martin Luther King Jr. Federal Holiday", "Contrarian New Hampshire To Honor Dr. King, at Last", "Martin Luther King Jr., Justice Without Violence – April 3, 1957", "Writings show King as liberal Christian, rejecting literalism", "Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. speaking at The New School", "Book Review: Bayard Rustin: Troubles I've Seen", "When Martin Luther King Jr. gave up his guns", "Stride Toward Freedom: The Montgomery Story", "Ch. The chapter draws from an address by Wofford, with Rustin and Stanley Levison also providing guidance and ghostwriting. 1963). [356] The National Indian Youth Council (NIYC) was especially supportive in King's campaigns especially the Poor People's Campaign in 1968. "[362] In a 1958 interview, he expressed his view that neither party was perfect, saying, "I don't think the Republican party is a party full of the almighty God nor is the Democratic party. [79] King became known as one of the "Sons of Calvary", an honor he shared with William Augustus Jones Jr. and Samuel D. Proctor who both went on to become well-known preachers in the black church. [131] Though the Albany effort proved a key lesson in tactics for King and the national civil rights movement,[132] the national media was highly critical of King's role in the defeat, and the SCLC's lack of results contributed to a growing gulf between the organization and the more radical SNCC. Martin Luther King Jr. [279], In 2000, the U.S. Department of Justice completed the investigation into Jowers' claims but did not find evidence to support allegations about conspiracy. [346] Throughout his career King was frequently protected by other civil rights activists who carried arms, such as Colonel Stone Johnson,[347] Robert Hayling, and the Deacons for Defense and Justice. "[402], In his 1986 book Bearing the Cross, David Garrow wrote about a number of extramarital affairs, including one woman King saw almost daily. Religious education, ministry, marriage and family, Atlanta Sit-Ins, Prison Sentence, and the 1960 Elections, Selma voting rights movement and "Bloody Sunday", 1965, Activism and involvement with Native Americans, Police observation during the assassination. Januar 1929 – 4. [397] Mail belonging to King and other civil rights activists was intercepted by the CIA program HTLINGUAL. Ich war bereit, allem ins Auge zu sehen.". King then vowed to no longer personally use arms. "[82] In his third year at Crozer, King became romantically involved with the white daughter of an immigrant German woman who worked as a cook in the cafeteria. [311], On June 25, 2019, The New York Times Magazine listed Martin Luther King Jr. among hundreds of artists whose material was reportedly destroyed in the 2008 Universal Studios fire. In December 1964, King and the SCLC joined forces with the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) in Selma, Alabama, where the SNCC had been working on voter registration for several months. He gazed upon the great wall of segregation and saw that the power of love could bring it down. The summer before his last year at Morehouse, in 1947, the 18-year-old King chose to enter the ministry. [318] In his famous Letter from Birmingham Jail, King urged action consistent with what he describes as Jesus' "extremist" love, and also quoted numerous other Christian pacifist authors, which was very usual for him. [30] His parents instructed him that it was his Christian duty to love everyone. [386], In 1977, Judge John Lewis Smith Jr. ordered all known copies of the recorded audiotapes and written transcripts resulting from the FBI's electronic surveillance of King between 1963 and 1968 to be held in the National Archives and sealed from public access until 2027. Als King im Oktober 1960 verhaftet wurde, schaltete sich Präsidentschaftskandidat John F. Kennedy ein, zum Teil aus politischer Rücksichtsnahme, zum Teil aus Mitgefühl und versprach Kings Frau in einem Telefonat alle ihm mögliche Hilfe. Am 4. Criticism of King's plan was subdued in the wake of his death, and the SCLC received an unprecedented wave of donations for the purpose of carrying it out. "[219], King stated in "Beyond Vietnam" that "true compassion is more than flinging a coin to a beggar ... it comes to see that an edifice which produces beggars needs restructuring. Kennedy did not execute the order. Ohne den Kaffee anzurühren, saß ich am Küchentisch und grübelte darüber nach, wie ich von der Bildfläche verschwinden könnte, ohne als Feigling zu erscheinen. [82] The African-American students of Crozer for the most part conducted their social activity on Edwards Street. [99] The boycott lasted for 385 days,[100] and the situation became so tense that King's house was bombed. Say that I was a drum major for peace. [24] After dinners there, King's grandmother Jennie, who he affectionately referred to as "Mama", would tell lively stories from the Bible to her grandchildren. The group was created to harness the moral authority and organizing power of black churches to conduct nonviolent protests in the service of civil rights reform. [414] Clayborne Carson, Martin Luther King biographer and overseer of the Dr. King records at Stanford University states that he came to the opposite conclusion of Garrow saying "None of this is new. Martin Luther King, geboren am 15. FBI agents investigated him for possible communist ties, recorded his extramarital liaisons and reported on them to government officials, and, in 1964, mailed King a threatening anonymous letter, which he interpreted as an attempt to make him commit suicide.[3]. "Wenn wir nicht lernen, miteinander als Brüder zu leben, werden wir als Narren miteinander untergehen." [56] Later King wrote of the incident, saying "That night will never leave my memory. [235], On March 29, 1968, King went to Memphis, Tennessee, in support of the black sanitary public works employees, who were represented by AFSCME Local 1733. Nicht nur die Situation der Afroamerikaner in den USA hat sich deutlich verbessert, sein gewaltfreier Kampf diente anderen als Vorbild – auch in Deutschland. "[202] He connected the war with economic injustice, arguing that the country needed serious moral change: A true revolution of values will soon look uneasily on the glaring contrast of poverty and wealth. I have read scores of reports talking about the scurrilous activities of my husband but once again, there was nothing at all incriminating on the tape. In Montgomery bestieg knapp ein Jahr lang kein Schwarzer mehr einen Bus. Even before there were large numbers of Negroes on our shores, the scar of racial hatred had already disfigured colonial society. Aus Protest gegen die Rassentrennung weigerten sich viele Schwarze, mit dem Bus zu fahren. [150] With the march going forward, the Kennedys decided it was important to work to ensure its success. Jahrhunderts. Martin Luther King, politisch noch ein unbeschriebenes Blatt, wurde zum Anführer des Boykotts. [30][31] King had to attend a school for black children, Younge Street Elementary School,[30][32] while his close playmate went to a separate school for white children only. [212][213] King began to speak of the need for fundamental changes in the political and economic life of the nation, and more frequently expressed his opposition to the war and his desire to see a redistribution of resources to correct racial and economic injustice. [273], In 1997, King's son Dexter Scott King met with Ray, and publicly supported Ray's efforts to obtain a new trial. [136][137], During the protests, the Birmingham Police Department, led by Eugene "Bull" Connor, used high-pressure water jets and police dogs against protesters, including children. We believed that we could fight for a policy of self-determination that was consistent with U.S. law and that we could govern our own affairs, define our own ways and continue to survive in this society. We are perhaps the only nation which tried as a matter of national policy to wipe out its indigenous population. He hoped that America and the world could become a colorblind society where race would not impact a person's civil rights. [316] Arizona (1992), New Hampshire (1999) and Utah (2000) were the last three states to recognize the holiday. [154][155][156] Despite tensions, the march was a resounding success. So I'm happy, tonight. In 1977, the Presidential Medal of Freedom was posthumously awarded to King by President Jimmy Carter. "[259], President Lyndon B. Johnson tried to quell the riots by making several telephone calls to civil rights leaders, mayors and governors across the United States and told politicians that they should warn the police against the unwarranted use of force. [60][56] On the ride home to Atlanta by bus, he and his teacher were ordered by the driver to stand so that white passengers could sit down. On October 14, 1964, King won the Nobel Peace Prize for combating racial inequality through nonviolent resistance. [267][272] They admitted that Ray was a thief and burglar, but claimed that he had no record of committing violent crimes with a weapon. [428] In 1966, the Planned Parenthood Federation of America awarded King the Margaret Sanger Award for "his courageous resistance to bigotry and his lifelong dedication to the advancement of social justice and human dignity. [4][5][6] King's mother named him Michael, which was entered onto the birth certificate by the attending physician. You have an equal role. America is a hypocritical nation and [we] must put [our] own house in order. [254] The following day, he delivered a prepared response in Cleveland. [291], King influenced Irish politician and activist John Hume. April 1968) war ein amerikanischer christlicher Geistlicher und Aktivist, der von 1955 bis zu seiner Ermordung 1968 zum sichtbarsten Sprecher und Führer der Bürgerrechtsbewegung wurde. Delivers a speech to a crowd of approximately 7,000 … [186] Several larger marches were planned and executed: in Bogan, Belmont Cragin, Jefferson Park, Evergreen Park (a suburb southwest of Chicago), Gage Park, Marquette Park, and others. "[71] The students worked at the farm to be able to provide for their educational costs at Morehouse College, as the farm had partnered with the college to allot their salaries towards the university's tuition, housing, and other fees. [69][70] This was King's first trip outside of the segregated south into the integrated north. In Gedanken an seinen Tod sagte King: "Ich werde kein Geld hinterlassen. [298] The Students Union also voted to rename their bar 'Luthers'. "[292][293][294], In the United Kingdom, The Northumbria and Newcastle Universities Martin Luther King Peace Committee[295] exists to honor King's legacy, as represented by his final visit to the UK to receive an honorary degree from Newcastle University in 1967. King was posthumously awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom and the Congressional Gold Medal. [189][190] King's beliefs militated against his staging a violent event, and he negotiated an agreement with Mayor Richard J. Daley to cancel a march in order to avoid the violence that he feared would result. President Kennedy was concerned the turnout would be less than 100,000. [356] At that time the remaining Creek in Alabama were trying to completely desegregate schools in their area. The same year that Martin Luther King was assassinated, she established the King Center in Atlanta, Georgia, dedicated to preserving his legacy and the work of championing nonviolent conflict resolution and tolerance worldwide. King requested a halt to all demonstrations and a "Day of Penance" to promote nonviolence and maintain the moral high ground. Estate of Martin Luther King, Jr., Inc. v. CBS, Inc. Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial, San Francisco. [124], After the October 19 sit-ins and following unrest, a 30-day truce was declared in Atlanta for desegregation negotiations. August 1963 hielt Martin Luther King Jr. seine weltbekannte "I Have a Dream"-Rede vor dem Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. Der damals 34-jährige Anführer der schwarzen Bürgerrechtsbewegung drückte hierin seine Hoffnung aus, dass die USA eines Tages ihren schwarzen Bürgerinnen und Bürgern die volle Gleichberechtigung erteilen und Menschen aller Rassen in den USA … "[74] King had concluded that the church offered the most assuring way to answer "an inner urge to serve humanity." Gemeinsam zogen sie 1954 nach Montgomery. [267] Ray died in 1998 at age 70. [304][305] Daughter Yolanda King, who died in 2007, was a motivational speaker, author and founder of Higher Ground Productions, an organization specializing in diversity training.

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